tu
mq;a l2ure )uoaÃÈu) mE uy jsl2u
isysm;a
l< o i;2fgls + iemf;ls mru
lemqj;a
fn,a, rlakg isxy, Wreu
kej;;a
mq;2ks" Wmoskq uek ,la osju
iuzmdol
mQcH
mKavs; os.duvq,af,a jsu,dkkao ysusmdfKda
isrs,a
fyajdjiuz uy;d
wmodk mQrAjsld
w;smQcH uvsfya m[a[diSy
uydkdhl iajduSkaÃÊhka
jykafia jsisks
y;auq;2 mruzmrdfjka u fydZo hehs wfma merKshka f.a l;dj b;d jeo.;s' oeka kuz mruzmrd wvqfjzf.k hkjd' hqfrdamdoS rgj, mruzmrd l;dj rcjreka w;r we;;a idudkH ck;dj w;r ke;a;g u ke;s fjzf.k hkjd' YS1 ,xldfjys;a Wiia wOHdmkdh;k jevs fj;a fj;a u mruzmrd l;d l1ufhka wvq jS hkjd we;' lmqjkg wka /lshd fidhd .kakg isÃÈjk oskh jevs wE; fkd fjz'
uE;l hQfrdamdoS rgj, ;srsikqka f.a" jsfYaIfhka wYajhka f.a mruzmrd fidhkakg mgka f.k we;' wYajhd;a wka ;srsika i;2kg jvd kqjKska oshqKq i;l2 yegshg ie,eflhs' wYajhka jsjsO lghq;2j, fhÃÈjd' fndfyda oshqKq rgj, wYajhka frAia fyj;a Odjk ;rZ.j,g o fhdojkjd' tys oS f,aj,ska mruzmrdj fidhd wYajhd f.a jgskdlu kshu lrkakg mgka f.k we;' huzlsis wYaj kduznl2 f.a msh wYajhd;a mshd f.a msh wYajhd;a Odjk ;rZ.j,ska ch.1yKh fldg we;s nj f,a mrSlaIKfhka ms<s.;af;d;a ta wYaj kduznd f.a jgskdlu fldags .Kkla fjhs' b;d uE;l tla;rd rfgl tnZÃÈ wYaj kduznl2 weurslka fvd,rA oY ,laIhlg jsl2KqKd'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
49=
fuz w;sfrAl l;djla
ueog f.k yer oelajQfha wfma merKshka w;r meje;s mruzmrd l;dfjz jgskdlu
fmkakSug h' YS1 ,xldfjz yeu osYdj, b;d jeo.;a mruzmrdjka isgshd' lkao Wvrg
ro< kuska b;d jeo.;a mruzmrd rdYshla ;2nqKd' iuyreka w;r ta ms<snZo
wOsl udkakhla ;2nqK;a rg cd;sh Ydia;1h fjkqfjka osjs mqod ls1hd l< wh;a
isgshd' jSr lemafmgsfmd< ks,fuz;2ud bka flfkls'
weyef,afmd< mrmqr o lkao Wvrg ms<s.;a mruzmrdjls' ;j;a tnZÃÈ jeo.;a mruzmrd lsysmhla ;2nqKd' rclu fyda m1Odklu fyda ug ke;akuz th hfll2g .sh;a lula keye hs iuyreka ;2< ;2nqKq ySk oSk woyi jsh' tl,e lkao Wvrg rc jkakg Ùisxy,hl2 jsh hq;2 h' fn#oaOhl2 jsh hq;2 hÙ hk iuzu;h ;2nqKd' rclu;a fjk;a f,dl2lula ,efnkjd kuz ;djld,sl je )uu isxy, h' fn#oaO h) lshkakg ;ruz fudavhka t l,e ;2uzmfka j;a fkdisgshd fia h' tfyhska lkakidus ;djld,sl je )isxy, h" fn#oaOh) lshd YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy kuska rclug m;a jqKd' lkakidusg YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy kuska Tgqkq m<Zojk od Tyqg rclu mjrd ÃÈka fudavhka wx l2gzguz fkdme<ZojSu ;uhs" wvqj'
kqiqÃÈiq whg Wiia ;k;2re oSu nQrejdg isxy fjia .ekajSu yd iudk h' fuz kqiqÃÈiq m;ajSu ;j;a kqiqÃÈiq lf<da rcq jgd isgs kqiqÃÈiq mqoa.,fhda h' jsreÃÈ ldrhd f.a fojekakdg we;af;a )tal ienehs ienehs) lSu muKs' YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rc;2ud kuska rc jQ lkakidus jgd nyq, je isgsfha )tal ienehs ienehs) lshuska ,dN m1fhdack .kakd msrsi hs' ta w;r gslla fyda n,j;a wh isgshd kuz isÃÈjqfKa Tjqkg jsreoaO je rc;2udg fla,duz lSu hs' th;a fydZoska isÃÈ jqKd'
fuz w;rg .u l;djla ,shkakg ys;2Kd' mqrdK ld,fha isxyhl2 nv.skafkka mSvs; je isgsk jsg t;ekg krshl2 wdjd' )ug fndfydu nv .skshs' f.dÃÈrla ,nd fokake)hs isxyhd lSjd' krshd uy jkdka;rfhys wejso
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
493
f,dl2 W#rl2 oel fufia
lSjd' )us;2r Tn olskakg uD. rdc jQ isxyhdg jqjukd jS we;' Tfnz yegshg funZÃÈ
wjia:djla Tfnz cSjs;hg ,efnkafka ke;' ta ksid huq)hs krshd lSjd' oeka fofokd
isxyhd lrd tkjd' fuz fofokd <x fj;a u isxyhd W#rd f.a weZ.g mekakd'
b,lalh jerÃÈKd" W#rd mek,d osjzjd'
isyhd f.a nv.skak ;j;a jevshs' )tuznd krsh" ug f.dÃÈrla fidhd foj)hs isxyhd kej;;a lSjd' krshd keje;;a W#rd yuqjkakg .shd' krshd" ÙhyZMjd fudlo mek, osjzfj$Ù W#rd" Ùisxyhd uf.a weZ.g mekakd" ux mek ÃÈj, mK fnzrd .;a;dÙ krshd" ÙTn f;areuz .;a; yegs jeroshs' Tn fj; mekafka ms<s.kakg hs' lula kE" kej;;a huqÙhs lSjd' W#rd th ienE hehs ms<s.;a;d' wefZ.ka f,dl2 jqj;a W#rd fkdje$ fofokd .uka lr;s' Tjqka fofokd <X fj;au isxyhd kej;;a W#rd f.a weZ.g mekakd' b,lalh yrs .shd' W#rd uereKd' W#rd f.a weZ. m<d ysia ln, o .,jd ysia fud, mdod" j;2r gslla nS tkakg <Z. jQ osh we,a,g .shd' ta w;r krshd W#rd f.a fud, gsl lEjd" isxyhd osh nS wjq;a m<uq je fud, gsl lkak ne,qjd' fud, keye' fldamhg m;a isxyhd Ùuqf.a fud, gsl fydysoeÙhs weiqjd' krshd" uy;a hgy;a my;alula olajuska" ÙuD. rdch" uQg fud,hla ;sfnkjd kuz uq,a jr mK fnzrd f.k ÃÈj,d fojeks jrg;a fuys tkjd oeÙhs weiqjd' isxyhd o T,qj jkd ms<s.;a;d' krshd isxyhd;a /jegqjd" W#rd;a /jegqjd" fud, gsl;a lEjd' isxyhd f.a is;;a oskd .;a;d' fuz jdf.a usksiqka wo;a f,dalfha ke;af;a keye'
YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rc;2ud jgd /ia jQ fndre ys;jka;hka rc;2ud jK!kd flfruska ,dN m1fhdack ,nd .;a w;r" rgg cd;shg wd.ug ys;j;a whg jsreoaO je fla,duz lshkakg mgka .;a;d' thska Tjqka iqZM iqZM m1fhdack ,nd.;a w;r
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
494
cd;sfha jskdYhg uZ.
mdod ÃÈkakd' irAjf;dNÃÊ fyj;a lsis u jrola ke;s tl u W;a;uhd nqÃÈrcdKka
jykafia h' th tfia kuz to;a wo;a ljo;a mD:.ackhd ;2< jeros ;sfnkjd'
rcq jqj;a lkakidus
fkdje$ Tyq jgd isgs fndre us;2rka f.a fidZÃÈre l;d yd fla,uz ksid rc;2ud
we;euqka flfrys ;oska ffjr neZo.;a;d' rc;2ud f.a m1Odk y;2rd yegshg ,la
jQfha weyef,afmd< ks,fuz;2ud h' weyef,afmd< uqZM mjq,u u jskdY lrkakg
lkakidus ksfhda. l<d' th tfia u l<d' tysoS uoaÃÈu nKavdr urKhg ysi
ÃÈka wdldrh wo;a wyk f,dalhd ujs; lrk iq,q h' uoaÃÈu nKavdr jSfrdaodr mq;d
jqKd' isxy, f,a we;s isxy, fld,a,d jqKd' ta jSfrdaodr mq;d .ek jsia;r fuz
fmdf;ys iZoyka fjz' fuz ld,fhys o f,dalfhys funZÃÈ md,lfhda;a usksiaiq;a
ke;a;dyq fkd fj;s' gsnegz cd;sl uyskao ia:jsrhka jykafia f.a .S;hlska ,smsh
wjika flfrus'
ÙnE bjikakg nE bjikakg
wuzfuks fmuznr ,xld
ud is; .skafkys ,Q
,qKq fia mqmqrkafk h fldm jsldfrka
wE ikikakg isxy, f,a
we;s isxy, fld,a,l2 whafhda
oeka Wmoskafku keoao
Wmq,ajka fojz rcqfka ,l rlakdÙ
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
495
jSr uoaÃÈu nKavdr
isxy, rdcdj<sfha wjika rdcOdksh fixlv.,mqr*uykqjr( jsh' iS;djl hq.fhka we/Us jsfoaYSh wdl1uKhka f; jrla u fuz rg .s, .kakg oerE W;aidyh wmuK h' m<uqj mD;2.SiSkq;a fojkq j ,kafoaiSkq;a wdl1uKh lrk ,o fuz isrs,l bx.S1iSka wdl1uKh lrk ,ÃÈfha ls1'j' 39-8 oS h' ,kafoaiSka jsiska md,kh lrk ,o uqyqÃÈnv fmfoia ish,a, u bx.S1iSka f.a w;g m;a jSfuka ,laosj wOSk;djh flfuka jekfikakg mgka .;s'
isxy, rdc mruzmrdfjz wka;su isxy, rc;2ud jQfha ls1'j' 39=8 isg 395- olajd jir 55 la ,laosj Wvrg rdcOdksfhys rcluz l< YS1 jSr mrdl1u kfrkaÃÊisxy rc;2ud hs' ,kafoais wdKavqldrjreka ,laosj fmfoia md,kfhys fhÃÈKq ld,fhl rc l< fu;2ud uOqrd mqrfhka f.k wd nsijl mdjd f.k isgs w;r" Tjqkg orejka fkd isgs fyhska isxy, rc fm<m; thska wjika jsKs' uOqrd mqrfhka nsfidajreka f.k toaoS Tjqka f.a mjq,a msgska ,laosjg meusKSu ksid kdhlalrA jxYslhka f.ka ud,s.h msrsKs' kfrkaÃÊisxy rc;2ud ;ud f.a wejEfuka rclug iqÃÈiaid f,i kuz fldg ;2nqfKa kdhlalrA jxYsl ;u nsij f.a fidajqfrls' tfyhska ,laosj
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
496
mrsydkshg fnfyjska
u fya;2 jQ wka;su rc jQ" Ùisxyf,a rcacqrefjdaÙ hk kuska m1lg j isgs YS1
jsl1u rdcisxy rcq *lkakidus l2udrhd( olajd u rc l< rcqka isjq fok u
wisxy,fhda jQy' Y; jrAI iQjsiailg jevs lf,l isg isxy,hkg wh;a j ;2nQ isxy,
lsre< tfia wisxy,hka w;g m;ajSu ienejska u isxy, cd;sfha buy;a wNd.Hfhls'
fu f,iska ,la rch jspd< jsfoaYSh wisxy, rcqka yd ,laosj wdl1uKfhys fhÃÈKq jsfoaYslhka f.a fkd ukd lghq;2j,ska rg m1md;hg weo jefgoaoS h" isxy, rcl2 f.a w.h wjfndaO ler .;a Wvrg ro< msrsi f.a oEys;lduS;ajh flfuka jevs jkakg;a ta wkqj Tjqka f.a lghq;2 isÃÈjkakg;a mrsirh ilia jQfha'
fu jka hq.fhl ud;f,a fmfofiys weyef<afmd< kuz .ula jsKs' tys fo jeks rdcisxy" fo jeks jsu,OrAuiQrsh" kfrAkaÃÊisxy wdoS rcjreka hgf;ys fkdfhla ks,;, oerE iqm1isoaO ro< fm<m;la jsKs' fuz fm<m;g wh;a flfkls" weyef<afmd< osidj' fu;2ud tl, i;a fldar<fha osidm;s ;k;2r biq,Qfjz h' fuz weyef<afmd< osidj f.a nsrsh jQfha ms<su;,jzfjz fm<mf;a ldka;djls' ms<su;,jzfjz uy wosldruz f.a fidfydhqrshl jQ fu;2ush iuZ. jQ irK nkaOkfhka weyef<afmd, osidjg od j mqf;la Wmks' kuska fya weyef<afmd< u jS'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
497
ksis jhig meusKs l2vd
weyef<afmd< hgj;af;a yd fldnznElvqfjz kdhl iajduSka jykafia,d foku
f.ka NdId Ydia;1h yd nqÃÈoyu bf.k m<uqfjka u rdcdOsrdcisxy rcq f.a rdc
iNdfjz mKsvqvldr ks,h *mKsjqv lrk ks,fuz( oerS h' wk;2re j YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy
rcq f.a is; oskd .;a weyef<afmd< jevs l,a fkdf.dia u uy .nvd ks,h"
m,af,a jdy, .nvd ks,h yd uvqfjz f,aluz mojsh o ms<sfj<ska ,nd .;af;a
h' fuz ksid tl, md,k ;;a;ajh ms<snZo fjfiis oekqula t;2udg ysus ler
.; yels jsh'
.,la .; jsKs' oeka weyef<afmd< f,aluz ;2ud rfgys ld w;r;a fydZo ys; oskd.;a ;reKfhls' Wvrg isxy, ro< msrsfiys iuZ.sh o osfkka osk u jevs fjuska mej;sKs' fudjqka f.a ieZ.jqKq woyi jQfha kdhlalrA jxYsl rcqka bj;a fldg jsfoaYSh md,kfhka rg uqojd f.k kej;;a isxy, rcl2 hg;g u ,la rch .ekSu hs' ta iZoyd ksf;dr u Wvrg m1N@ ro< msrsia jk uS.ia;ekafka" ms<su;,jzfjz" lemafmgsfmd< wdoSyq l:d l<y" ls1hd l<y'
weyef<afmd< f.a ksis jhi meusKsfhka jsjdy fhdackdjla jsKs' ud;f,a W;2re fmfofia Wvish m;a;2fjz Wvqf.dv fudKrjs, kuz .fuls' y;r fldar<fha lemafmdgsfmd< fuz mjqf,a uQ,ia:dkh jsKs' f.d,fy, lemafmgsfmd<" lemafmgsfmd< mjqf,a flfkls' fudyq ud;f,a fudKrjs, jdihg meusKsfha" tysoS ÃÈjla yd mqf;la Wmka y' mq;d fudKrjs, lemafmgsfmd< h' rEmfhka yd .2Kfhka
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
498
ÃÈgqjka fk;a is;a wokd
oshKsh ksis jshg meusKshd" ysus l2,hg hkakg fhdackd jsKs' weh f.a w; m;d
meusKsfha weyef<afmd< h' fo me;af;a kEoehka f.a iqN me;2uz ueo wUq
ieushka jQ fuz hqj< Tjqk f.a hq. osjsh werUQ y'
l,la .;jsKs' fuz jk jsg Wvrg rc;2ud YS1 jsl1u rdcisxyfhda h' rc;2ud f.a is;a oskd .ekSfuz m1;sM,hla jYfhka weyef<afmd<g i;a fldar<fha osidm;s ;k;2r o fojeks wOsldruz mojsh o ,ensKs' ta ls;2 jiska 30=5 jekafka oS h' Wvrg isxy, ro< m1N@ka rdcH lghq;2j,g iuznkaO jQfha rcqg l;a wosk woyiska fkd j" flfia fyda kej; isxy, rcl2 u isyiqka .kajk woyisks' msg;ska flfia jqj;a we;2<;ska jsfoaYSh md,khg Tjqka f.a lsisu leue;a;la fkd ;snsKs' YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy kuska lkakidus rclug m;a lrjd .kakd ,oafoa o fuz woyi uqÃÈka muqKqjd .kakd wgsfhka u h'
lSrA;s YS1 rdcisxy rc;2ud f.a uy wosldruz jYfhka lghq;2 flf<a ms,su;,jzfjz h' fld;ruz fydZoska rdcH fiajh l<;a Tyq f.a hgs woyi jQfha jvq. rcqka jskdY fldg isxy, rcq jYfhka ;ud m;a jS kej; isxy, rdc jxYh we;s lsrSu hs' ms<su;,jzfjz uy wosldru oskm;d rdcH fiajhg hhs' fixlv., rdcOdksfhys foda,dfjlska .uka lsrSfuz jru yefudag u tl, ,enS fkd ;snsKs' tfia ,enqfKd;a ,enqfKa w;f,diailg muKs' ms<su;,jzfjz o tu jrm1idoh ,enQ lsysm fokd w;r flfkla jsh'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
499
oskla fu;2ud hgskqjr
isg fixlv., kqjr olajd jsysoS .sh uZ. Tiafia ijia hdufhl foda,dfjlska .uka
flf<a h' fndfyda fjz,djla .uka lsrSfuka jsvdjg meusKs t;2udg osh msmdih
we;s jsKs' ta nj w;jeiaikg oeka jQ t;2udg .kafkdrefjz f;dgqm, miq l<
;ek tla;rd l2< ldka;djla fjfik ksfjila we;s nj Tjqka f.ka oek .kakg
,ensKs' uZo fjz,djlska u foda,dj tlS ksfji wi<g meusKsfha foda,dj nsu
;nk f,i t;2ud f.ka w;jeiaikg wK ,ensKs'
hgskqjr yd fixlv., kqjr uZ. whsfka msysgs fuu ksjfiys uÃÈrd mqrfhka fu rgg meusKs reu;a ldka;djls' kqjr uy jdi,g jvq. l2udrsldjka imsrsjrska leZojd f.k toaoS mrsjdr fiajsldjka w;r isgs fuz ldka;dj f.a ysushd w;ruZ. oS yosis wdndOhlska ush .sfha h' fuz ldka;dj kej; ish rg n,d fkd f.dia kqjr u kjd;eka .;s' rE imqfjz mskg uy jdi,ska uy jdi,ska ,efnk Wojz Wmldr we;sj jdih l< weh l,lg miq j ;u l2vd lkakidus mq;2 o iuZ. fuz ksjfiys kjd;eka .;a;d h'
foda,dfjka ng ms<su;,jzfjz g fuz rEu;a ldka;dj olakg ,ensKs' Tjqfkdjqka yZÃÈkd .kakg jevs fjz,djla .; fkdjsKs' weh f.a w;ska rsoS flKavsfhka meka mdkh l< uy wosldru t ;ekska bj;a j .sh o rdcldrsh iZoyd uy jdi,g hk .ufka oS ;a wdmiq tk .ufka oS ;a tu ksjfiys
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
490
.; fldg hdug wu;l fkd
flf<a h' tys m1;sM,hla jYfhka l2vd lkakidus ms<su;,jzfjz iuZ. jvd;a
ys;j;a jQ w;r tu ksjig hk tk wh .ek o wjfndaOhla we;s lr .kakg ms<sjka
jsks'
ms<su;,jzfjz iuZ. us;1 jQ fuz ldka;dj yuq jSug ;j;a flkl2 tk nj oskla ms<su;,jzfjz u oel .;s' fuz jk jsg l2vd lkakidus ms<su;,jzfjz f.a iqr;,d jS isgs w;r oskm;d u meusKs jsg Tyq f.a lvqj b,a,Su o l2vd lkakidus isrs;la ler .;af;a h' ;ud yd us;1 jQ fuz rEu;a ldka;dj f.a us;2re ou m;d tk fuz wuq;2 mqoa.,hd flfrys fldamhla yd BrAIHdjla we;s ler .;a ms<su;,jzfjz Tyq flfia fyda uerjSug wosgka ler .;af;a thg lkakidus fhdod .ekSu fydZo u Wmdh nj o jgyd .;af;a h'
oskm;d u lvqj b,a,k lkakidusg oskla lvqj ÃÈka ms<su;,jzfjz l2vd lkakidus iZoyd lvqjla ;kkakg luzu,alreg kshu fldg we;s nj;a lvqj fokakg m<uq th mdjspzpz l< yels oehs fidhd ne,sh hq;2 nj;a lSfjz hgs isf;a woyi uqÃÈkq muqKqjd .ekSfuz woyisks' oeka lkakidus ms<su;,jzfjz lshk TzkE u fohlg iQodkuz h' ;u ksjig tk jsfYaI wuq;a;d lvqfjka lmd fy,qj fyd;a lvqjla mdjspzps lsrSfuz yelshdj lkakidusg we;s nj ms<su;,jzfjz lSh' lkakidusg o wejeis jQfha flfia fyda lvqjla w;ska ord f.k lghq;2 lsrSug hs' tfyhska flfia fyda ta lghq;a; lrkakg Tyq bgd .;af;a h'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
49-
isrs;a mrsos jsfYaI
wuq;a;d wil2 msg keZ.S fuz ksjig meusKsfha h' meusK wiq msgska nei wiq
f.usÃÈf,ys we;s .fil nZoskakg iQodkuz jsks' wiq .fiys nZosk jsg u flfi,a
mZÃÈfrys ieZ.jS isg lvq myr fok f,ig lkakidusg Wmfoia ,enS ;snsKs' fuz
ryia lsisjla ujg j;a fkd okajd lkakidus fkd bjis,af,ka n,disgsfha wuq;a;d
tk ;2re h' ;ud f.a rdcldrsh bgq lsrSug iqÃÈiq wjia:dj tk ;2re n, n,d isgs
lkakidus tla jr u mek wuq;a;dg lvq myr lsysmhla osks'
usÃÈf,ys jQ l,n,h n,kakg ldka;dj bosrsmig meusKshd" ;u mq;2 w;ska lSrA;s YS1 rdcisxy rcq ureuqjg m;a jQ nj oek nshgm;a j jydu ms<su;,jzfjz f.kajd lreKq meyeos,s l<d h' ;udg wejeis lreK bgq jQ nj oek .;a ms<su;,jzfjz nsfhka isgs lkakidus ikijd ljod fyda Wmldr lrk nj lshd rc;2ud f.a u< isrer f.k f.dia uyje,s .Z. whsfkys oeuQ w;r t;2ud f.a wiq w;r uZ. oud fuz isoaOsh ryila f,i ;nd .;af;a h' t;2ud f.a u< isrer lsisjl2g olskakg fkd ,efnk fia lghq;2 yudr l< ms<su;,jzfjz wnsryia f,i rfgys wfkla m1N@jrhka o leZojd rdcdOs rdcisxy" rcq jYfhka m;a lr .kakg lghq;2 ie,eiS h'
l,la .;jsKs' rdcdOs rdcisxy rc;2ud o frda.d;2r jQfha frda.h lsisjl2g;a yZÃÈkd .; fkd yels jsh' t;2ud f.a wjidk ld,h meusK we;s nj
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
40=
ms<su;,jzfjzg jegeysKs'
;ud f.a wkd.; jev ms<sfj< bgq ler .ekSug ;j;a wjia:djla t<eUS
we;s nj oek .;a ms<su;,jzfjz ta wkqj lghq;2 iuzmdokh flf<a h' rc;2ud
f.a wikSmh n,j;a jk fyhska lsisjl2g;a ;ud f.a wjirhla fkdue;s j t;2ud f.a
ihkd.drhg meusKSug bv fkdue;s nj okajk ,o w;r wikSmh ms<snZo f;dr;2re
lsisjl2g;a fkd oefkkakg ie,eiajS h'
gsl osklska rc;2ud mrf,da iem;a jsh' tfy;a ta nj lsisj;2g;a fkd lS ms<su;,jzfjz ta nj lsisjl2 jsiskqÃÈ oek fkd.kakd f,ig lghq;2 fhoS h' rc;2ud u< oskg miq od WoEik oUf.duqfjz osidm;s;2ud we;2ZM fixlv., rdcOdksfhys m1N@ka /ia lrjQ ms<su;,jzfjz" t;2ud f.a frda.h widOH nj;a gsl l,la hk ;2re rfgys md,k lghq;2j, fhoSug t;2udg fkd yels ksid hqjrc flkl2 m;a lsrSug wjYH nj;a m1N@kag lSh' tfia u ta iZoyd lkakidus iqÃÈiq nj yeZ.fjk mrsos Tjqkg bZ.shla o flf<a h' tfy;a rdcdOs rdcisxy rc f.a nsij f.a fidajqre uq;a;2idus ta iZoyd iqÃÈiq nj we;euqka f.a woyi jsh' ÙkqU,d f.a woyi l2ula jqj;a rc;2ud f.a woyi jsuid n,d iqÃÈiail2 m;a lsrSug ud lghq;2 lrkafkueÙhs lS ms<su;,jzfjz m1N@ msrsi iuZ. rc;2ud f.a ihkd.drh wi,g f.dia Ùrc;2ud f.a wikSmh nrm;, nejska ;ud yer wka lsisjl2 we;2ZM fkdjsh hq;2 heÙhs lSh' rc;2ud f.a isrshykhg lsisjl2g ieZ.jS isgskakg ms<sjka jk fia ilia
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
403
lr ;snsKs' uZo fjz,dj;a
.; jsKs' ms<su;,jzfjzg rc;2ud wduka;1Kh lrk njla fmkS .sfha h' ms<su;,jzfjz
ihkd.drh ;2<g f.dia uZofjz,djla l:d lruska isg lreKq bosrsm;a lrkq msg;
isgshjqkg weisks'
Ùmiajdka oyilg nqÃÈjkak foajhka jykai" Tn jykafia wikSmfhka fmf,k nejska rfgz md,k lghq;2 iZoyd hqjrc flkl2 m;a lsrSu uekejs hs hkq wfma woyi hs' Tn jykafia f.a n,q .e;a;d jsiska rfgz m1N@jre fu ;ekg leZojd ;sfnz' hqjrc ;k;2rg iqÃÈiaid ljryq oehs Tn jykafia f.a YS1 uqLfhka jodrkq uekj'Ù
gsl fjz,djla .; jsKs' rc;2ud f.a ihkfhys we;srs,a, fi,fjkq fmKsks' t;2ud l:d lrkakg iQodkuz jkafka hhs msg; isgsfhda is;@y' lkakidus l2udrhd hqjrc ;k;2rg iqÃÈiq nj b;d wudrefjka rcq mjikq weisks' jevsmqr l:d lrkakg rc;2udg kqiqÃÈiq fyhska jydu bj;g meusKs ms<su;,jzfjz" rcq f.a woyi bosrsm;a flf<a h' ta iuZ. u rcq mrf,dj .sh nj mKsjqv lrefjla osj wjq;a mejeiS h'
rcq f.a u<.u ms<snZo lghq;2 wjika flrsks' oeka rclug iqÃÈiaid jS we;af;a rcq jsiska u m;a l<d h hs lshk hqjrcq h' tfyhska lkakidus rc njg m;a l< hq;2 h' lkakidus g ie,lSfuz
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
404
woyiska fuka u bka
miqj ;ud w;g rch .ekSfuz woyiska ms<su;,jzfjz tfia flf<a h' lkakidus
ÙYS1 jsl1u rdcisxyÙ kuska rclug m;ajQfha t f,isks'
YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rcq hgf;a lghq;2 lrk ms<su;,jzfjz" lemafmgsfmd<" uS.ia;ekafka wdoSyq rcqf.a jrm1ido ,enqj o Tjqka f.a hgs is; jQfha isxy, rcl2 m;a lr .ekSug u h' weyef<afmd<" i;a fldar<fha uy osidm;s ;k;2rg m;a j lghq;2 lroaoS weyef<afmd< l2udrsydusg mqf;la ,ensKs' wehg ,enqKq fuz mq;2g ÙnKavdÙ hk ku ;enQy' ;j;a jir fofllska Tjqkg ;j;a mqf;la ,ensKs' m<uq mq;dg jvd rejska yd mskska nen,qKq fuz mq;2 Tjqka f.a jdikdj oshqKq flf<a h' kuska Tyq o ÙnKavdÙ jsh' tfyhska m<uq mq;d Ùf,dl2 nKavdÙ kuskq;a fojekakd ÙuoaÃÈu nKavdÙ *uoaÃÈu nKavdr( kuskq;a yeZoskajsKs' l,la .;jsKs' Tjqkg t jr ,enqfKa Ùmqxps nKavdÙ flfkla fkdj oshKshls' isjq jeks orejd o oshKshls' oeka Tjqkg mq;2ka fofofkls' ÃÉjreka fofofkls'
mq;2ka fofokd is,am yodrk jhig meusKsfha" NslaIQka f.a weiqfrys mkaif,ys bf.kSu l<y' jdrshfmd< YS1 iqux., udysushka f.a md fijfKys wl2re muKla fkd j isxy," b;sydih" nqoaO Ou!h wdosh o ukdj bf.k .kakd fuz orejka fofokd w;rska jvd;a u oialuz oelajQfha f,dl2 nKavd whshd fkdj uoaÃÈu nKavdr u,a,S h' t fyhska ldf.a;a ie,ls,a," wdorh Tyq fj; u weoS .sfha ksrdhdifhks'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
405
ksf;dr u f.orskq;a
mkaif,kq;a orejka f.a lKg jefgkafka isxy,hd .ek iy isxy,fha wkd.;h .ek
fkdfhl2;a f;dr;2re h' fuzjd orejka fofokd Tjqka f.a ukfia ksrka;rfhka u
l2vd jqj;a ;ekam;a jsKs'
;u mrmqfrA uq;2ka us;a;ka f.a Y@r jSrluz .ek wik orejkg jSrluz lsrSfuz woyi" WfoHda.h ks;ru is;g ths' uoaÃÈu nKavdr f.a udud jQ lemafmgsfmd< uy ks,fuz ks;r u Ou!hg keUqre jqKq flfkls' t;2ud ;u bfKys Ouzumoh rejd f.k bvla ,enqKq jsfgl th lshjuska lghq;2 l< w;r" isxy,fha keZ.Sug o osjd ? fkd n,d fjfyiqfKa h' fuzjd olsk wik orejka fofokd w;2rska Ùf,dl2 nKavdrÙ flfia fj;;a ÙuoaÃÈu nKavdrÙf.a isf;ys isxy,lu .ek buy;a wdvuznrhla we;s jsKs' t fyhska ks;r u ta .ek u l:d lsrSug;a lrk fi,a,uz mjd isxy,hka f.a igka f,iska lsrSu;a olsk ujqmshkg tla wf;lska wmuK i;2gla f.k fokakla jsKs'
Ùwfma f,dl2 mq;dg jevsh uoaÃÈu mq;d bf.k .kak fydZohs lsh, iqux., yduqÃÈrefjda ojila lSjd fka'Ù fuz weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus ;u ohdnr iajdushdg uoaÃÈu nKavd .ek lS l:dfjls' ÙuoaÃÈu bf.kSug js;rla fkdfjhs" olaI' lsis u nhla ke;s j ljqreka bosrshg;a hkj' ld tlal;a fydZog l;d lrkj' yeu fohla u m1Yak lrkj' hula lS m,shg uoaÃÈu ms<s.kafka kE' ta ksid ug fmak
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
406
jsoshg uoaÃÈu f,dl2
jqKdu wfma isxy, .;s we;s jSrfhla fjhs lsh, ysf;kj'Ù fuz t jka wjia:dfjl
weyef<afmd< uy osidj ;u uoaÃÈu nKavdr mq;d .ek Wouz weKQ wdldrh hs'
;j;a l,la .;jsKs' orejka f.a yd weyef<afmd< uy osidj f.a mska uysuh fudarkakg jsKs' tu ksid weyef<afmd< uy osidjg ;j ;j;a rcfha WiiajSuz ysus jsKs' uS.ia;ekafka wosldru3 f.a urKfhka miq 30=0 oS Wvq.uzmfya wosldruz jYfhka weyef<afmd< uy osidj m;a lrkq ,ensKs'
ms<su;,jzfjz uy wosldru yeu fohla u flf<a flfia fyda rclu ,nd f.k kej; isxy, rcl2 m;a lr .ekSfuz woyisks' lkakidus rclug m;a lr.kq ,enqfha o ta iZoyd h' tfy;a Tyq rc jQ ;eka mgka ms<su;,jzfjzg jqjukd wdldrhg lghq;2 flf<a ke;' ;ud f.a n,h ;yjqre ler .ekSu iZoyd ms<su;,jzfjz flf<a ;uka yd jsreoaO j isgs we/jzj, fofjks wosldru yd oU.uqfjz osidj rdcfÃÊdaySka hehs rc;2udg wjfndaO lrjd Tjqka msgq oelSug lghq;2 fhoSu hs' tfy;a rcq th fkd ms<s.;a fyhska ms<su;,jzfjz odurslhka fhdod Tjqka fofokd uerjS h' th Tyqf.a wjdishg yersKs' fufia lghq;2 lrkafka rdcH f,daNfhka nj oek .;a rc;2ud ms<su;,jzfjz
3' uS.ia;ekafka wosldru rcqg jsreoaO j lghq;2 l< w;r ks,fhka o my lrkq ,ensKs' miq j wikSm jS fyf;u rcq lshoaoS;a wdydr fkd f.k ksrdydrj u ush .sfha rdc Woyig wiq jqjfyd;a thska o urKh jk nj oek f.k h'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
407
flfrys iel we;s ler
.;af;a h' fuhska miq lsysmjrla u ms<su;,jzfjz bx.S1iSka yd idlpzPd fldg
Wvrgg hqo fiakdjla hjd t;2ud uerjSug is;2 j o ta lghq;2 ksrrA:l jsh' rc;2ud
fkdfhl2;a hym;a lghq;2 lruska uyckhd f.a is;a oskd .;af;a h' tfiau ms<su;,jzfjz
iuZ. wukdm we;s ler .;a t;2udg ms<su;,jzfjz l< l@g Wml1u ksid uykqjr
o yer hkakg isÃÈ jsKs' flfia fyda kej;;a kqjrg meusKs YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy
rc;2ud ms<su;,jzfjz wdoSka w,ajd .ekSug lghq;2 fhoS h' ÃÈ,a,Efjz" mqiaje,af,a"
fud,a,sf.dv wdoS ks,fuz jre kvq jsNd.h iZoyd m;a lrk ,ÃÈj" ms<su;,jzfjz
iy ojq,., rfgz uy;auhd hk fofokd ysi .id urd oukq ,enQ w;r ;j;a uq,doEkSka
i fofkla W, ;nd urd ouk ,oy'
3034 oS ms<su;,jzfjz f.a urKh isÃÈ jsh' tu ksid ysia jQ mojsh weyef<afmd< uy osidjg ,nd oSug rc;2ud lghq;2 flf<a h' ;j ;j;a uyckhd w;r lSrA;su;a jQ weyef<afmd<" uy wosldruz ;k;2r ,nd f.k Ùweyef<afmd< fifkjsr;ak fiakdkdhl pkaÃÊ;s,l jsfcaiqkaor osidkdhl wurfldaka jdy, mKavs; uqoshkafiaÙ hk mg neZos kdufhka o m1lg jsh'
weyef<afmd< uy wosldru ms<su;,jzfjz f.a nEkd flkl2 jYfhkq;a isxy, yeZ.Sfuka hq;a Wodr mqoa.,hl2 jYfhkq;a is;r u lghq;2 flf<a kdhlalrA jxYslhka msgq olsk woyisks' fuz nejz
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
408
rdcisxy rcq fkd oek
isgshd fkdfjz' uy wosldruz ;k;2r weyef<afmd<g ÃÈkafka rfgys uyckhd
weyef<afmd<g fnfyjska u mlaI nejska ck yoj;a oskd .ekSfuz wgsfhks'
uy wosldruz ;k;2r ,enSfuka n,h ;j;a jevsjSu ksid weyef<afmd< ;j;a
oshqKq ;shqKq wkaouska lghq;2 flf<a jvq. rcq fkrmd oud isxy, rcl2 m;a
ler .ekSug h' ta iZoyd bx.S1iSka iuZ. mKsjqv yqjudrejg o mgka .;af;a h'
uy wosldruz Oqrhg weyef<afmd< m;a ler .ekSfuka wk;2re j fo jeks wosldruz jQfha jhig m;a Wkuznqfjz ks,fu;2ud hs' t;2ud fkdfnda lf,lska mrf,dj .sfhka ta ;k;2rg m;a lr .kq ,enQfha weyef<afmd<g ffjr lruska rcq yd lghq;2 l< fud,a,sf.dv ks,fuz h' fud,a,sf.dv ks,fuz fojeks wosldruz Oqrhg Wiia lsrSfuka rcq n,dfmdfrd;a;2 jQfha ;ud yd jsreoaO j keZ.S isgSug i;2rdg we;s n,h wvq lsrSug hs'
weyef<afmd< ks;sm;d jvq.hka fuz rgska t<jd oud bx.S1iSka m,jd yer isrs ,l isxy, rcl2 hgf;a md,kh jk rgla lsrSfuys wmuK W;aidyjka; fjhs' fud,a,sf.dv" rcq iuZ. tla jS weyef<afmd<g jsreoaO j fla,duz lshd rcq f.a is; nsZÃÈjd weyef<afmd< f.a lSrA;sh yd Yla;sh nsZÃÈjd oukakg ks;r fjfyfihs' fya weyef<afmd< f.a wkd.; woyi .ek fkd ;ld ;dkakudkak .ek muKla u i,ld lghq;2 lrhs'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
409
wkd.; isxy,h .ek lsis;a
fkd ;ld ;ud .ek muKla n,d fud,a,sf.dv fufia lghq;2 lroaoS weyef<afmd<
rg fjkqfjka fjfyisks' t;2ud uy wosldruz ;k;2r ,;a js.i u jvd;a W.1 wkaouska
rcqg jsreoaOj;a rgg ys;j;aj;a lghq;2 flf<a h' fuz w;r lSrA;s YS1 rdcisxy
rcq f.a wkshuz mq;l2 jQ uduzmsgsfha jdi, nKavd iuZ. ryiska ,shquz .kqfokq
o flf<a h' tfy;a th wiqjSfuka rdcisxy rcq ;j ;j;a fldamhg m;a jsKs'
weyef<afmd<g wk;2rla l< fyd;a uqZM ck;dj u ;udg jsreoaO jk nj
rc;2udg jegyS .sfhka uduzmsgsfha jdi, nKavd muKla w,ajd f.k lv lv fldg
lmamjd urKhg m;a ler jS h'
fufia isxy,hdg wys; wkaouska lghq;2 lrk YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rc;2ud 3035 oS fo jeks jrg;a jsjdyjSug woyia flf<a h' kdhlalrA rc fm<mf;a isrs;g wkqj rcqka f.a mdo mrspdrsldfjda jQ fjda Tjqka f.a u fidajqrsfhda h' ta wkqj fuz rcq;a ;uka f.a u fidajqrshka fofokl2 mdo mrspdrsldjka jYfhka m;a ler .;s' tu jsjdy ux., W;aijh uy by<ska meje;ajsKs' rdcH ks,ulaldrfhda tu W;aijhg fkd wvqu meusKsh y' rc;2udg fndfyda ;E.s o f.k wdy' weyef<afmd< rc;2udg jsreoaO jQfha rdcldrs jYfhks' tfyhska isxy, isrs;g wkqj usksialug i,ld t;2udg fndfyda ;E.s fnda. hejS h' rc;2ud Ùuf.a jsreoaOldrhd f.a mqo mZvqre lsisjla ug tmdÙlshd weyef<afmd< tjQ ish,q u mqo mZvqre wdmiq hejS h' YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rc;2ud weyef<afmd< flfrys fuf,iska m<uq jrg wm1ikak;djh oelajS h'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
400
fuz l< fohska weyef<afmd<
f.a is; ;j;a krla jsKs' ta wkqj Ùfuz jvq. rcd flfia fyda msg l< hq;2hsÙ
hk woyi ;j;a oevs f,i we;s ler .;s' ;u uiaiskd jQ lemafmgsfmd< ks;r
fofjzf,a weyef<afmd< j,jzjg meusfKhs' l2vd mq;2ka fofokdg fkdfhla
Tjoka fohs' fkdfhla merKs l;kaor W.kajhs' thska orejka fofokd f.a woyia
fudarkakg jsks' jsfYaIfhka ks;r u WfoHda.fhka lghq;2 l< uoaÃÈu nKavdrg
fuz l:d" usysrs uS meKs fia jsks' isxy,luz .ek isxy, jsrejka .ek wik wik
jdrhla mdid uoaÃÈu nKavdr f.a isf;ys jSrhl2 jSfuz woyi fudarhs" nsh m,d
hhs'
iqmqreÃÈ mrsos weyef<afmd< j,jzjg meusKs lemafmgsfmd< uy ks,fu;2ud ;u uiaiskd iuZ. l:djg jegsKs' Ùisxy, rc flfkla ke;slfuz mdvqjØ oeka rdcisxy jvq. rcd wmg l2ulska l2ula lrhs o$ tod uZ.2,a ojfia ud hejQ ;E.sfnda.;a wdmiq tjzjd fka' oekakuz ug fydZog u jegfykjd" Th .2Khla ke;s rcd wmg fudlla fyda wk;2rla lrhs lshd'Ù fuz weyef<afmd< f.a uqjska msg jQ joka je< hs' thska is; le<UqKq lemafmgsfmd< ÙwhshKavs fuz yeu foalg u jroldrhd wfma ms<su;<jzfjz udud hs' udud ys;d .;af;a lkakidusg rclu ÃÈkakd u Bg miafi;a uq,ska jf.a ;ukag mlaImd;S fjzjsh" lSlre fjzjsh lshd hs" ;ukaf.a u ifydaorsh" nsrsh lr .kakg ;ruz ,cacdjla ke;s Th usksiqka l< Wojz isysfha msysgkakg ;ruz i;amqreI jkafka flfia o$Ù fufia fkdfhla wdldrfhka wfma rfgz
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
40-
wkd.;h .ek l:d lruska
isgs lemafmgsfmd< ;u fidfydhqrsh f.a orejkg;a weyef<afmd< hqj<g;a
o<od iusZÃÈ msysg m;d kslau hhs'
weyef<afmd< oeka ks;r l,amkdfjka lghq;2 lrhs' jsfYaIfhka f.or meusKs jsg l,amkd lruska u ld,h .; lrhs' ish l2udrsydus iuZ. o Wod jS we;s ;;a;ajh .ek l;d lrhs' mq;2ka fofokdg o fuz l:d ny fydZoska wefihs' orejkg fkd yefZ.kakg Tjqka l:d ny l< o jsfYaIfhka uoaÃÈu nKavdrg l2ula fyda fohla .ek ;u mshd ks;r l,amkd lrk nj oeksKs' jvq. rcq .ek yd rfgys Woa.; jS we;s foa .ek lS l;d uoaÃÈug weisKs' l2vd jqj;a uoaÃÈu o fuz lsfulafoda)hs is;kakg jk'
weyef<afmd< bx.S1iSka iuZ. tla jS rcq fkrmd yer rdcHh .kakg iQodkuska rgjeishd fmd<Ujd .kakg W;aidy ork njg rc;2udg meusKs,s ,enS ;snsKs' fuzjd jevs fldgila u lshd we;af;a fud,a,sf.dv h' fud,a,sf.dv kuz fjk whl2 fkdj weyef<afmd< mjq,g wdjdy jsjdy uZ.ska iuznkaO jQ flfkls'
Wiia ro< mjq,lg wh;a fkdjQ fudyq ks, n,h yd Ok n,h ksid fuz iuznkaOh we;s ler .;a w;r weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus f.a huz jokla ksid weh flfrys oevs ffjrhlska o fm<sKs' weyef<afmd< uy
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-=
wosldru ;ruz ;shqKq
nqoaOshlska fyda lreKdnr yoj;lska fud,a,sf.dv lghq;2 fkd l< nejsks"
fuz ;;a;ajh we;s jQfha'
inr.uq m<df;a uy ckhd rcq flfrys lsmS uy;a wdrdjq,la we;s flf<a h' fuz wdrdjq, ixisZÃÈjSug olaIfhla rdc iNdfjz fkd isgsfha h' tfy;a weyef<afmd< uy wosldru ta iZoyd yenE oialula we;af;l2 nj rc;2ud jgyd f.k ;snsKs' Tyq inr.uqfjz kdhlhd fldg msg;a lr yersh fyd;a fud,a,sf.dv ,d lshk ;ruz ys;2jlaldrluz fkdlrdjs hehs l,amkd l< rc;2ud mrK wukdmluz o w;yer oud weyef<afmd< inr.uqfjz md,lhd f,i + hqjrc f,i + m;a fldg msg;a ler yerSug is;d ta ms<snZo ikaki ud,s.fha oS rdc iNdj bosrsfha ndr flf<a h4'
fuh Wiia mojshla jqj;a tla wf;lska n,k jsg ne?reuz lghq;af;ls' ;j;a wf;lska n,k jsg isxy, rdcdj,sh kej; we;s lrkakg .kakd W;aidyhg ,enqKq rel2f,ls' tfy;a fud,a,sf.dv jeks wÃÉrorAYS mojs f,daNSka" rgg lrk hym; whym;la fia
4' weyef<afmd<g
fujka mojshla oS ÃÈr neyer hjkakg rc;2ud woyia flf<a weyef<afmd<
l2udrsydus ms<snZo woyila we;s ler f.k nj;a rc;2ud oskla j,jzjg .sh
os weh lreKq myod oS ;ud f.a m;s Nla;sh mjid rc;2ud f.a woyig tlZ. fkdjQ
fyhska wef.ka m,s .kakg woyia l< rc;2ud weh urKhg kshu lrkakg jevsfhka
u fm<UqKq nj we;euzyq lsh;s'
$$w$$$$e$$$$a$$$$p$$$$d$$$$a$$33
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-3
fmkajd rcqg fla,duz
lshd rcq nsZÃÈjd ;udg;a ;u mrmqrg;a l2ula fyda wk;2rla lrkakg nerslfula
ke;s nj weyef<afmd<g l,amkd jsKs'
tosk iji weyef<afmd< uy wosldruz;2ud rdcldrs lghq;2 wjik ish j,jzj n,d msh ux flf<a h' tfia mshux lr;a u l2udrsydus bosrshg wjq;a ;u ysushdg uqj mqrd iskyjlska ix.1y fldg ms<s.;a;S" uqj fodajkhg meka ms<sfh< fldg ÃÈkakS h' uy wosldruz;2ud rdclSh weZÃÈuz .,jd uqj fidod iqmqreÃÈ weZÃÈuska ie/iS l2udrsydus ÃÈka mdkfhka .; osrs .kajd f.k j,jzj bosrsmi usÃÈf,a wiqfkl ysZof.k l,amkd ihqfrys .sf,uska isgsfha h'
isjq foajd,fhys mQcdjg fjz,dj wdikak h' fnr" fyajsis yZv fodaxldr fohs' o<od mQcdjg iQodkuz jk ieoeye;sfhda u,a fk,kq weyef<afmd< j,jzjg fmfkhs' tfy;a j,jzfjz lsisjl2 tys hk njla fkd fmfkhs' uy wosldruz;2ud f.a fjk od fkdue;s fjki l2udrsydusg oeksKs' t;2ud ;2< fjk od ;2nQ i;2g wo fkdue;s fyhska l2udrsydus fiuska fiuska ysushd fj; wdjd uZola ksfid,auka j isgshd h' f,dl2 nKavdr yd uoaÃÈu nKavdr fofokd usÃÈf,ys lS1vd lruska isgs;s' oshKsh iqr;,a nia fodvuska uj f.a Tirs fmdfgys t,a,S isgskakS h' ns<sZod l2udrsydus f.a ;2ref,ys h' fuz lsisjla weyef<afmd< uy wosldruz;2ud kqÃÈgqfjz h'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-4
ÙiajduSks" wo fjk
od fkdue;s lK.dgqjla lkiai,a,la olskakg ;sfnkafka wehs$ wm w;ska jrola
isÃÈ jqKd o$ tfia;a fkdue;s kuz rc;2ud f.ka lrorhlaj;a tkakg ;sfnkjd o$Ù
fuf;la fjz,d ksyZv j isgs l2udrsydus uy wosldruz;2ud f.ka weiqjd h'
ÙkE lsisjla kE' tfyu fohla ;du isÃÈ jS kEÙ hkq uy wosldruz;2ud f.a ms<s;2r jsh' ÙkE iajduSks" l2ula fyda fohla isÃÈ jS we;s nj kuz ug fydZog u oefkkjd' t fyhska th lshkq uekjsÙ m;a Nla;sfhka wkQk jQ l2udrsydus b;d ne.Em;a j b,a,d isgshd h' ÙueKsfla" l,n, fjkak tmd' Tfnka fyda rc;2udf.ka ug isÃÈjqKq whym;la jrola keye' ta jqK;a'''Ù uy wosldruz;2ud lreKq iZ.jkakg W;aidy .ksuska lSh'
Ùtfyu kuz fjkodg fkdue;s wuq;a;la wo olskak ,efnkafka wehs$Ù
ÙkE" inr.uqfjz yeu ;ek u usksiqka rc;2udg jsreoaOj le<Us<d' b;ska tal ixisZÃÈjkakg ud fyg Wfoka u msg;a jS hkakg TzkE'Ù
weyef<afmd< uy wosldruz;2ud uSg fmr;a lsysm jrla u ta ta fmfoia ys wr., ixisZÃÈjSug f.dia i;s fol ;2k j,jzjg fkd meusK isgsfha h' ta .ek okakd l2udrsydus Ùtfykuz wmg fuz j;dfj;a i;s .Kkla fuz j,jzfjz" fuz mqxps megjqkq;a iuZ. ;ksj u bkakg isÃÈ fjhsÙ lSjd h'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-5
fuf;la fjz,d f;dr;2re
iZ.jkakg W;aidy l< weyef<afmd< uy wosldruz;2ud ish,a, fkd j,yd
fy<s lrkqfha Ùug inr.uq m<df;a hqjrclu ,enqKd' ta iZoyd ikaki;a
wo ,enqKd'Ù hehs lSh'
Ùb;ska tal fld;ruz fydZo fohla o$ ug kuz yrs u i;2gqhsÙ l2udrsydus lSjd h'
lS1vd fldg .suka yrsuska ujqmshka f.a l:djkg ijka fouska isgs f,dl2 nKavdr Ùtfykuz wmampzps wmg;a inr.uqjg hkak fjhs fkao$ lshd weiS h'
Ùhqj rclu ,enqKd h lshkafka wmampzps rcacqrejka f.a fojekshd jqKd h lshk tl fkao$ b;ska wmampzpsg ners o uyrclu u .kak$Ù tfia weiqfjz uoaÃÈu nKavdr h'
ÙTjz mq;d" ,enf;d;a ,ensh hq;af;a uyrclu u ;udÙ hkqfjka lshd mq;2 f.a woyi wkqu; l< weyef<afmd< uy wosldruz;2ud fuz w,q;a mojsh ksid isÃÈ jsh yels wk;2r jsia;r flf<a fufia h_ Ùgsl l,lgkuq;a ug kqU,d ;kslr oud hkakg isÃÈjSu uy;a lK.dgqjla' iuyr jsfgl uf.a fuz .uk gsl l,lg fjkak;a ms<sjka' os.2 l,lg fjkak;a ms<sjka' ioyg u kqU,d f.ka ud fjka lsrSula fjkak;a ms<sjka' wfma fud,a,sf.dv jeks wÃÉrorAYSka iuyr jsg ud lrk lghq;2 jix lrjd rcqg .;2 fla,uz lshd rcq ud flfrys nsZÃÈjd oud l2ula fyda
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-6
jskdYhla lrkakg iQodkuz
j we;s' ug fuzjd bfjka jf.a oefkk tl fk mqÃÈuh'Ù l2udrsydus isky msrs
uqyqKska ish ysushd ikid o<od iusZÃÈ msysg m;d .ukg wdYSrAjdo fldg lghq;2
ms<sfh< fldg fokakg iQodkuz jQjd h'
miqod WoEik u weyef<afmd< uy wosldruz;2ud kj ;k;2frA lghq;2 ndr .ekSu iZoyd hdug iQodkuz jS isgsfha h' weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus .ukg wjYH oE ms<sfh< fldg oS orejkq;a iuZ. wjq;a wosldruz;2ud bosrsfhys jeZo jegqKd h' weyef<afmd< uy wosldruz ;2ud lrejka yd l2udrsydus ikid Ùgsl l,lg kuq;a kqU,d f.ka fjka jS isgSu ug uy;a lK.dgqjls' tfia jqj;a ud fuz hkafka wfma rfgz hym; iZoyd hd hq;2 .ukla' ta ksid fuz .ukg ud miq ng jkafka keye' orefjks" ud fuys ke;s jqj;a ud bkakd jsfgl fuka uEkshka g lSlrej l,a .; l< hq;2hs' f,dl2 nKavdr mq;d + u,a,s;a" kx.s,d fofokd;a fydZoska n,d f.k wuzudg lSlrej bkakehs'Ù Tjoka oS inr.uq m<df;a Wmrdc ;k;2frA jev ndr .ekSu iZoyd msg;a j .sfha h'
weyef<afmd< Wmrdchd tys .sh js.i uyckhd f.a is;a oskd .kakg .;a W;aidyh tf,iska u bgq jsh' l,ska ;2nQ wiuZ.sh yd le,eUs,s ish,a, ikaisZosks' yeu fok u Tjqfkdjqka f.a lghq;2 ksis mrsos lrkakg mgka .;ay' fuz nj oek
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-7
.;a YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy
rc;2ud o wmuK i;2gg m;a jQ kuqÃÈ fud,a,sf.dv wdoS lsysm fofkl2g th n,dfmdfrd;a;2
isfZok lreKla jsh'
oeka inr.uqfjka rc;2udg ksis mrsos whnÃÈ ,efnhs' tys jeishka weyef<afmd<g we;s mlaImd;s;ajh" weyef<afmd< Wmrdchd f.a hym;a .;s.2K ksid osfkka osk jevs jk nj fmfkhs' inr.uq ckhd rdcH jsfrdaOSka jQfha" le<eUs,s we;s flf<a rcqg jsmlaI jS bx.S1iSkg mlaI jS lghq;2 l< lsysm fokl2 f.a wi;H m1ldY ksid nj oek.;a weyef<afmd< tajd yrs yegs oek fuz l< iu;fhka miq inr.uqfjz wdodhuz udrA. oshqKq jkakg mgka .;s' tfyhska u wjeis jejz wuqKq we< fod< ukdj ms<silr jS rdclSh ukaosr ;eksKs' weyef<afmd< we;s l< kj ixjsOdkh ksid uyckhd ;2< ;2nQ wiuZ.sh iuZ.sh njg fmr<S th oshqKq ;shqKq jS .sfha weyef<afmd< Wm rdchka flfrys ;sr ne;shla we;s lr .;a inr.uq ckhd weyef<afmd< Wm rdchka f.a nig wkqj u lghq;2 l<y'
inr.uqfjz lghq;2 ms<snZo j f;dr;2re rc;2udg oeka ks;r ,efnhs' mqo mZvqre o ,efnhs' tfyhska rc;2ud weyef<afmd< Wmrdchka flfrys meyeoSula we;sler .;af;a Tyq f.a lghq;2 ms<snZo j rc infhys oS meieiquz uqjska mejeiS h' ;k;2re f,daNfhka fmf<k fud,a,sf.dvg;a Tyq f.a wkq.duslhkg;a fuz meieiquz lKg hjq,a fia jsh' lf,l isg weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus f.ka m,s .ekSfuz woyila Tyq f.a
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-8
isf;ys fudaruska ;snsKs'
tfyhska rcq yd weyef<afmd< nsZÃÈjd l2ula fyda lrorhla Tjqkg lrkakg
fya ;;kuska miq jQfha h'
;u n, m1foaYfhys lghq;2 ukdj lrk weyef<afmd< Wm rc;2ud uy rc;2uka neyeolskakg hk jsg ;u fmfoiska ksmka huzlsis ;2gq mZvqrla f.k hEu isrs;s' tfyhska ta tla wjia:dfjl rc;2udg ;E.s oSu iZoyd jgkd r;ak cd;s fhdod rkausKs lsre<la yd lvqjla idojuska isgsfha h' flfia fyda weyef<afmd< f.a fuz ls1hdj fud,a,sf.dvg wikakg ,enS Tyq flfrys rcq nsZÃÈjkakg th wjshla ler .;s' fuz w,q;a mqj; /f.k oskla rcq bosrshg meusKs fud,a,sf.dv" weyef<afmd< Wmrc j isg oeka uy rclu ,nd .ekSfuz woyiska lghq;2 lrk nj;a ta iZoyd Tgqkakla yd lvqjla o oekg u iEoSug kshu fldg we;s nj;a mejeiS h'
YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rcq fuz mqj; wid weia woyd .; fkd yels j Wv nsu n,kakg jk' fldamfhka fjjz,kakg jk' rcq f.a is; oekakuz fydZog u weyef<afmd< flfrys nsZoS we;s nj oek" Tyq fuz iZoyd bx.S1iSka iuZ. .sjsiquz .id f.k isgsk njo oekajS h' fuz ish,a, u lrkafka inr.uq jeishka weyef<afmd< g mCI fyhsks' tfyhska th flfia fyda k;r l< hq;2 h' ta iZoyd fud,a,sf.dv wosldru flf<a mrx.Ska f.a md,k ld,fhys Tjqka jsiska .kakd ,o nÃÈ l1uhg urd, noao jeks nÃÈ
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-9
mkjk f,ig uka;S1 uKav,fha
oS fhdackdjla iuzu; fldg f.k rcq f.a w;aik fhdod wd{djla hjk fia lghq;2
ie,iSu hs' wk;2re j fkdfhla whqrska weyef<afmd< f.a ke;s fodia olajd
Tyq flfrys rc;2ud ;2< ;2nQ meyeoSu fydZog u m,qÃÈ flf<a h'
weyef<afmd< ;uka f.a wjidk Nd.fha oS isjz jeks fcdarAca uyrc;2ukag ;uka yd YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rcq Woyia jSug fya;2j olajd we;af;a fufia hs_
Ùinr.uqj mrx.ska i;2j mej;sh oS tu m<df;ka whnÃÈ whlrk ,o wkaou oelafjk f,aLkhla rc;2ud jsiska imhd f.k ta wkqj whnÃÈ .kakd f,i ug wK l< kuqÃÈ fuhg fmr wfkla isxy, rcl2 jsiska jeishkag mSvd muqKqjd t jeks nr noaola wh fkd lrk ,o fyhska o" th uf.a jEhuska muKla l< fkdyels ne?reuz ldhH!hla fyhska o" fuh wh lrk ,oafoa wfkla rdcHhla fjkqfjka fyhska o" jeishd jsiska Wiq,kq fkd yels fuz noao thg miq rdcHhka lSmhla jsiska bj;a lrk ,o fyhska o" inr.uqfjz wOsm;Ska leZojd Tjqka iu. uykqjr oS flfrk idlpzPdjlska we;sjk ;SrKhlg wkqj usi uf.a fm#oa.,sl j.lSula msg th l< fkd yels h)hs jsia;r jYfhka okajd hejSus' fuz fya;2 fldg f.k rc;2ud ud iuZ. Woyia jQfha h' thska ud rcyq f.a wd{djka fkd i,ld jeishd f.a mlaIh f.k ls1hd lrk njg mjiuska ud isrldrhl2 jYfhka uykqjrg muqKqjkakg ls1hd flf<a h'Ù
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4-0
rc;2ud weyef<afmd<g
hjk ,shquz w;ruZ. oS jslD;s lsrSfuka yd weyef<afmd< rc;2udg tjk f;dr;2re
jslD;s fldg t;2ud f.a Woyi we;sjk f,i f;dr;2re iemhSfuka fomfia u is;a
isZo nsZo,kakg fud,a,sf.dv iu;a jsh' oeka weyef<afmd< rdcHh meyer
.kakg jeishd fmd<Ujuska miqjkafka hÙ hkdoS jYfhka Tyq rc;2udg ks;r
fla<duz lSh' Ùweyef<afmd< ud urjkakg W;aidy .kakjd" Tyqg l<
hq;2 foa uu oksus) hkqfjka fldamdjsIaGjQ rc;2ud ks;r mejeiS h'
weyef<afmd< rdcfÃÊdayS ls1hd lrkafka kuz oeka l< hq;af;a Tyq f.kajd jsNd. lrjd m1Yak lsrSu hs' tfyhska ta iZoyd rcq hejQ mKsjqv ish,a," lreKq ukdj wjfndaO ler .;a weyef<afmd< m1;slafIam flf<a rcq bosrshg .sh fyd;a w;ajk brKu iqZM mgq fkd jk nj okakd fyhsks' inr.uqfjz lghq;2 ne,Sug ;uka fuys meusKsfha fmuznr nsrsh yd orejka isjq fokd wemldrhka jYfhka rcq f.a jscs;fha isgskd nj oek oek u h' tfy;a rc;2ud tjka wmrdOhla lsrSug ;ruz ieyeis fjz he hs weyef<afmd< lsisfia;a is;2fjz ke;' tjka fohla jk nj oekf.k isgshd kuz taldka;fhka u ;u mq;a uoaÃÈu nKavdrg wkd.; rfgz jSr luz fmkajkakg bv oS ;uka osjs mqokq fkd wkqudk hs'
weyef<afmd< ;u wKg lSlre fkd jQ nj oek .;a rc;2ud Tyq f.a mojs ish,a, wfydais ler foam, o rdcika;l flf<a h' wk;2rej uy wosldruz mojsh
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
4--
;uka rjgd .;a fud,a,sf.dvg
mejrE w;r inr.uqfjz md,k lghq;2;a ndr oS tys uy osidm;s f,i o m;a flf<a
h' tfia fldg inr.uqfjz meje;s flda,dy, ikaisZÃÈjSug fud,a,sf.dvg kshu flf<a
h' wkqka jkid oud ;uka oshqKq jSfuz ySk oSk woyiska fm,qKq fud,a,sf.dv
w,q;a ;k;2rska Wouz jS jydu fiakdjla /f.k inr.uqj n,d msg;a jsh' ;u i;2rd
tk nj l,a ;nd oek .;a weyef<afmd< ;u mdlaIslhka lsysm fokl2;a iuZ.
fld<U n,d wdfjz h' inr.uqfjz le/,s kdhlfhda hka;uz jsreoaO;ajh m1ldY
fldg ieZ.jqKy' fud,a,sf.dv ;uka f.k .sh fiakdj fufyhjd le/,sldrhka w,ajd
f.k wd w;r kvq jsNd.hlska wk;2re j ta ish,a, u urd oukakg kshu flf<a
h' inr.uqfjz le/,a, uev meje;a jQ ksid weyef<afmd< i;2j meje;s ish,q
foam, ;U ikakilska fud,a,sf.dvg mejrE w;r ;j;a fndfyda ;E.s fnda. o ÃÈka
rc;2ud weyef<afmd< w,ajd .ekSu iZoyd lghq;2 iuzmdokh flf<a h'
weyef<afmd< inr.uqfjka mek f.dia bx.S1iSka yd tla jQ njg wdrxpshla me;sr .sfha h' fud,a,sf.dv inr.uqjg f.dia rdcfÃÊdaySka f,i kuz l< le/,slrejka w,ajdf.k wdfha o tosk h' fud,a,sf.dv rc wKska inr.uqjg msg;alr yers nj oek .;a fudfydf;a mgka weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus miq jQfha n,j;a ixfjz.hlska yd pls;hlsks' l2ulska l2ula fjz foda hk ielfhka miq jQ l2udrsydus tosk iji f.jqhfkys isgsoaoS fiajlhl2 weyef<afmd< ish,q ;k;2rej,ska my lrk ,o nj;a fud,a,sf.dv
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5==
inr.uqfjz wOsm;s ;k;2rg
m;a lrk ,o nj;a Tyqg ;dkakudkak wdosh msrskuk ,o nj;a l2udrsydusg mejeiSfuka
miq weh jsi{ fkd jQjd muKs'
rdc kS;sh .ek wehg o wjfndaOhla we;' tfyhska iajdushd ;ud iy orejka ns,a,g ;nd mek .sfha wehs o hk mekh o wehf.a isf;ys my< jsh' tfy;a m;s Nla;sh ksid th jyd bj;aler .;a weh Ùflfia fyda Tyq wmg lrorhla fkd lrkakg lghq;2 fhdokjd we;'Ù hk woyi we;s ler f.k fojshka hoskakg jQjd h'
lZÃÈ<ska msrs fo fk;ska hq;2 j wyi foi n,uska isgs l2udrsydus f.a iajNdjh mfilg jS isgs uoaÃÈu nKavdr ÃÈgqfjz h' ks;r u fkdfhla foa ms<snZoj m1Yak kZ.k uoaÃÈu nKavdr" uEKshka fj;g wjq;a uZo fjz,djla isg Ùwehs uEKsfhksÙhs pls;fhka hq;2 j jsueiS h'
ÙkE mq;d" kqU,d f.a mshdKka foajhka jykafia f.a wKg lSlre fkdjS mek .shd ,q'Ù hkqfjka mq;Kqjka f.a ysi msrsuosuska weh lSjd h'
Ùwfma wmampzpz mek .shd$ kE uEKshks" th kuz uy fndrejla' wfma wmampzps ldgj;a nh kE fka o$Ù
Ùwfka ud okafka kE mqf;a" fud,a,sf.dv ;uhs inr.uqfjz bZoka wejs;a lsh,d ;sfnkafkaÙ
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=3
Ùtfyu kuz tal fud,a,sf.dv
udud f.a fndrejla jsh hq;2 u hs' wehs" ta udud wmampzpsg jevsh leu;s kE
fka o$Ù
Ùtfia jkakg;a ners keye" fud,a,sf.dv;a jsYajdi l< fkdyelshs fkaÙ
Ùwuzfuz" oeka tfyu kuz foajhka jykafia wmg;a ysrsyer lrhs o$Ù f,dl2 nKavdr weiQfha nsh;a pls;h;a we;s lrjusks' thska isÃÈ jQfha l2udrsydus f.a is; ;j;a ii, jSuhs'
Ùb;ska talg fudlo$ ojila wmampzpz lSjd u;l keoao" wms uefrkafk tl j;djhs" ta ksid urKhg wmampzps nh kE lshd$ lemafmgsfmd< udud;a Th l:dj u lSjd fka o$ b;ska whshKavs wehs wms fuzjdg nsh jkafka$ uu kuz wmampzps lSjd jf.a u uefrkak nh kE'Ù fufia uoaÃÈu nKavdr lS jokska weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus mqÃÈuhg m;a jQjd" mq;2 je<Zo .;a;S h'
weyef<afmd< bx.S1iSka fj; .sfha ksluz u fkd fjz' ;ud inr.uqjg wd jsg ;u nsrshg yd orejkg ukdmhla lsrSfuz yelshdj rcqg ;sfnk nj;a huz kmqrla jqjfyd;a lsis jrola ke;s nsrsh f.ka yd orejka f.ka m,s .kakg kS;sfhka bv ;sfnk nj;a Tyq fydZoska u okS' tfyhska flfia fyda tjka jsm;la jkakg m<uq yeu fok u fnzrd .ekSug
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=4
lghq;2 i,iajd .; hq;2
h' fuz wjia:dfjys rcq yuqjSug hdu wka;rdhlr fohls' fla,duz lSu ksid oeka
rc;2ud WrK jS isgsk nj weyef<afmd< fydZoska u okS' tfyhsks" rc wKg
wkqj t;2ud kqjr n,d tkakg woyia fkd flf<a'
fuz jk jsg weyef<afmd< fjkqjg tu l2udrsydus;a orejkq;a we;2ZM mrmqfrys wh isr ndrhg .ekSug ksfhda. oS ;snsKs' weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus;a orejkq;a fida iqiquz ueo fufia isgsoaoS rc wKska j,jzjg lgqmq,af,ajre5 meusKshy' orejka fuz lsfula oe hs fkd o;2ÃÈ l2udrsydus kuz ish,a, u oek .;2' weyef<afmd< w,ajd .ekSug fkd yels fyhska mrmqfrA wh w,ajd .kakg rc wK ls1hdfjys fhdok ,oe hs lS Tjqyq weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus;a ta jk jsg tfldf<dia jeks jsfhys isgs f,dl2 nKavdr;a kj jeks jsfhys isgs uoaÃÈu nKavdr;a ijeks jsfhys isgs oshKsh;a ns<sZÃÈ oshKsh;a hk mia fokd;a mqiaje,af,a l2udrsydus yd tu oshKsh;a w;a wvx.2jg f.k leZojd f.k f.dia isr Ndrfhys ;enQy'
isr ndrfhys isgsk fuz ish,a,kg u wdydr mdk ,efnhs' l2vd orejka lsis wuq;a;la fkd olsk fyhska i;2gska l,a yrs;;a fuz ish,a, u okakd l2udrsydus osfkka osk ue<ejS hk u,la nZÃÈ jSh' orejka isjq fokl2 f.a ujla jqj o ;sia yejsrsos jsfhys miq jqj o fidf<dia yejsrsos hqj;shl nZÃÈ rEmfhka
5' Ùlgqmq,af,ajreÙ + jrA;udkfha fmd,sia ks,OdrSka jeks idu idOl msrsils'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=5
wkQk jQ weh fuz isrf.hs
isgsk oskj, oS osfkka osk u ldhsl jYfhka msrsyS hk ,l2Kq olakg ,ensKs'
Ùwuzfuz" wms f.or hkafka ljod oeÙhs f,dl2 nKavdr wihs' Ùwuzfuz" wfma
wmampzps tkafka ljod oeÙhs uoaÃÈu nKavdr tla jfrl wihs' Ùwuzfuz wmj fufyu
tl ldurhl oud ;sfnkafka wehs oeÙhs ;j;a jfrl wihs' fuz ish,a,g u iqÃÈiq
ms<s;2re iemhSug fjr ork weh jfrl lZÃÈ<ska msrs fk;ska fojshka hoshs'
jfrl fudkjd fyda lshd f;d,a u;2rhs' isr ueosrsfhka msg;;a wdhqO .;a uqrlrefjda
/lj,a f.k isgs;s' ;udg we;s ÃÈl lshkakg flfkla ke;' olskakg flfkla ke;'
tfyhska iqiquz fy<uska i;s folla u fu f,iska ÃÈla .sks ueo weh l,a f.jqjd
h'
weyef<afmd< n,fhka fo jeks jQfha YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rcqg muKs' rdcisxy rcq f.a uqjska fmkqK reÃÈre .;s weyef<afmd< fj; olakg fkd ,enqKq ksid .sh .sh yeu ;ek u uyckhd Tyqg wjk; jQy' fud,a,sf.dv jeks wÃÉrorAYSka ;k;2re f,daNfhka yd mqoa.,sl m,s .ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka fla<duz lshd rcq fkd nsZojkakg uy rclu mjd weyef<afmd<g fkdfnda lf,lska u ,nd .kakg yelshdj ;snsKs' weyef<afmd< f.a oialuz .ek;a kqjK .ek;a ie,l@ rc;2ud ;j;a l,la bjeiqfjz h' oeka oeka weyef<afmd< ;ud fj; meusK lreKq myokq we;ehs o is;S h' tfy;a weyef<afmd< tkafka flfia o$ rcq f.a iqus;2rka fuka isgs weyef<afmd< f.a i;2frda rcqg u;a meka fmdjd isysh jsl,a jQ jsg fkdfhla fla,duz
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=6
lshd .sjsiquz wd{dj,g
w;aika ;njd .ks;s' foi;shla l,a bjeiQ rc;2udg fud,a,sf.dv mdCIslhka f.ka
;j;a wdrxpshla ,ensKs' weyef<afmd< bx.S1iSka yd tla jS rcqg jsreoaO
j hqoaOhlg meusfKkakg iQodkuska bkakd njg f;dr;2re we;s njhs' ta fuhska
miq rc;2ud weyef<afmd< mrmqfrA we;a;kag oZvqjuz muqKqjkjd o keoao
hkak .ek uka;S1 uKav,h bosrsfha oS ;SrKh lrkakg woyia flf<a h'
kshus; fjz,djg uka;S1 uKav,fhys ta ta mojsj,g iqÃÈiq f,i ie/iqKq uka;S1jre /iajQy' uy wosldru" fojeks wosldru" uyf,akd" ÃÉf,akd" fifkr;a" uy/gskd" wkqkd" iNdm;skd" isgqkd" isrs;a f,akd" jshkakd" uyfjokd" oyuz milakd" uy kele;a;d wdoS isxyf,a rdcH lghq;2 ms<snZo uka;S1 uKav,fha ish,q ks,ulaldrfhda ;u ;ukag iqÃÈiq ;ek isgshy' uka;S1jre /ia jQ nj oek .;a rc;2ud o tys meusK isyiqka wrd isgsfha h'
wk;2re j iNdj weu;@ rc;2ud bosrsm;a jQ lreK .ek fufia m1ldY flf<a h'
Ùuka;S1jreks" fufia ud yosisfha f;dm /ia ler jQfha b;d jeo.;a lreKla .ek idlpzPd lrkq msKsi hs' ud jsiska inr.uqfjys Wmrdc jYfhka ;k;2rg m;a lrkq ,en tys f.dia ck md,kh l< weyef<afmd< ks,fuz miqj ud jsiska u Tyqg hjk ,o wKg wlSlre jS fld<Ug f.dia oeka ug yd uf.a rdcHhg;a jsreoaO j bx.S1iSka yd tla j" wm iuZ. hqoaOhlg iQodkuz jk nj oek .kakg ,enS ;sfnz'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=7
ldrKh ienE kuz fkdfnda
od jk ;2re u udf.a w.ue;s j isgs rdcHh ms<snZo ish,q lghq;2 fkdwvq j
okakd weyef<afmd< ks,fuz fuz lrkafka kshu rdcfÃÊdayS ls1hdfjls' Tyq
fufia rdcfÃÊdayS jqj;a Tyq fjkqfjka fuys wemhg isgsk oekg isrndrfha miqjk
Tyq f.a wUq orejka jkid oukakg rdc kS;sfhka wjir we;;a th lsrSug uu miqng
fjus' l2ula ksid o h;a" weyef<afmd< ks,fuz os.2 l,la uqZM,af,a wfma
rdcHfha oshqKqjg;a wdrlaIdjg;a n,j;a WfoHda.fhka ls1hd l< rdc mdCIsl
ks,Orfhls' wfkl" Tyq ms<snZo j ug oek .kakg ,efnk yeu wdrxpshlau;a i;Hhhs
ms<s.kakg o ug yels lfula fkdue;' wfkll2 f.a fÃÊdayS ls1hdjla ksid fjk;a
wysxilhka jkid oeuSu kS;Hkql@, jqj;a th iqÃÈiq hehs ug tl fy<d lsj fkdyels
h' tfy;a weyef<afmd< fuz lrk ish,a, i;H u kuz thska jkqfha wm f.a
msrsySuls' tfyhska ljr fyda oZvqjula o osh hq;2fjhs' tfyhska uka;S1jreks"
fuz m1Yakh ms<snZo j iqÃÈiq ;SrKhla .kakg uka;S1 uKav,hg u uu ndr lrus'Ù
fufia lS rc;2ud t ;ekska bj;a j .sfha h'
rc;2ud ud<s.hg .sh miq;a gsl fjz,djla .; jk ;2re lsisjl2 fuz .ek l:d lrk njla fkd fmksKs' m<uqfjka woyia oelajsh hq;af;a fud,a,sf.dv uy wosldru jqj;a fyf;u lsisjla fkdo;a;l2 fia ish lghq;a; uq,af,a.u ks,fuzg mjrd ksyZv jsh' tfyhska uq,af,a.u ks,fuz keZ.S isg iNdfjz ksyZv;dj nsZosuska fufia m1ldY flf<a h_
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=8
ÙrdcfÃÊdayshl2g oZvqjuz
muqKqjkakg l1uhla fkdue;s kuz Tyq f.a wUq orejka we;2ZM wjYH {d;Skag tu
oZvqjuz meusKjSu isxyf,a kS;sh hs' th tfia kuz fu ;ek oS muKla th fjkia
lsrSu lsisfia;a iqÃÈiq fkd fjz'Ù
Ùth isxy, kS;sh nj we;a;ls' tfy;a ksis fia lreKq i,ld n,k jsg wfkll2 f.a wmrdOhlg wfkla wysxilhl2g oZvqjuz meusKjSu Ùlef<a uqjka f.dhuz lE m<shg f.or ;sfnk uqj yug ;<kakd jeks wkqjK ls1hdjla fkd fjz o$Ù fufia weiQfha fjk;a ks,fuz flfkls'
fufia fkdfhla fokd kS;shg mlaIj;a jsmlaIj;a lreKq oela jQ miq kS;sh fjkia fkd l< hq;2 h hk ks.ukhg jevs fokl2 f.a leue;a; ,ensKs' fud,a,sf.dv" uq,af,a.u wdoSka f.a woyia iM, jsKs'
uka;S1 uKav,fha ;SrKh tfia jqj;a rc;2ud f.a w;aikska tu ;SrKh ia:sr lrk ;2re ls1hdjg kexjsh fkd yels h' tfyhska ta lghq;a; o uq,af,a.u ks,fuzg u Ndr l< fud,a,sf.dv Tyq f.a w;ska u th o lrjd .kakg is;d .;af;a h' rc;2ud u;a mekska isys jsl,a j isgs fjz,djla n,d t;2ud bosrshg .sh uq,af,a.u" weyef<afmd< mjq,g oZvqjuz meusKjSfuz kS;sh iuzu; jQ nj;a tfyhska fuz m1ldY m;1hg w;aika lrk f,i;a lshd rcq f.a fldamh jevs jk fia ;j;a fmdfydr oeuzfuz h' fjrsur.df;a
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=9
isgs rcqg fydZola krlla
fkd jegysKs' tfyhska uq,af,a.u lS ish,a,g u lka ÃÈka rc;2ud ÙTfydu u ;uhs"
uqkag lrkav TzkEÙh hs fldamfhka lshuska m1ldY m;1hg w;aika ;enS h'
3036 uehs ui 3 jk bre osk fix.v., kqjr uy wuq;a;la olskakg ,ensKs' wyi lZMjka jsh' ysre f.a o jevs m1fndaOj;a .;shla olakg fkd ,ensKs' fjkod mS1;sfhka ko fok l2re,q lsrs,a,ka t osk f.dZM jQjd fiah' wjg iEu ;ek u fYdapkSh iajNdjhla olakg ,ensKs' k.r jeis .uzjeis yeu fok u mdfya tosk uyd jskdYhla jk nj l;a ;nd u oek .;a y' tfyhska kslfgys ;nd .;a w;a we;s j ;ek ;ek l;dny lruska isgskakg jQy'
uka;S1 uKav,h uZ.ska wkqu; lrk ,o rdc uqÃÊdfjka iuzu; lrk ,o ta kS;shg wkqj weyef<afmd< uy ks,fuz f.a wUq orejka muKla fkd j tu mrmqfrA kEoehka mjd urd oeuSug kshus; j ;2nqfKa tosk h' u mqj; ms<snZo j l,a ;nd u rfgys oekquz oS ;2nqfKka ÃÈla wfZodakd lshuska uyckhd k.rh lrd weoS tkakg jQy' Ùuy ks,fuzg Woyiska foajhka jykafia wUq orejka jkid oukakg ierfik isgs h' wfyda fuz fudk wmrdOhla o$ fld;ruz widOdrKhla o$ fuz l2vd megjqka okafka lsfula o$'''Ù fufia ÃÈla .ekjs,s lshuska ujqjre lZÃÈZM i,;s' mshjre iqiquz ,;s' uZ. fomi /ia jQfjda jsu;sfhka n,d isgs;s'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=0
fuz ia:dkh jQ l,S rdclSh
jOlia:dkh fkd fjz' fuz wjia:djg fhdoe.;af;a merKs rcueÃÈr bosrsmsg kd:
foajd,hg .sks fldkska msysgs ;ekls' fuz lrkakg hk fmdf<dj kqyq,k wmrdOhg
ld,h wdikak j mj;soaoS fuz wmrdOfhys uQ,sl;ajh ,nd isgs .,.dfjz cd uqyuzosru
f.a uZ. fmkajSu wkqj jOlhka lsysm fofkla yd lgqmq,af,ajre o m<uq fldg
t ;ekg <Z.d jQy' wk;2re j osidm;s" Wm osidm;s wdoS ks,OdrSyq o jdi,
ks,ujre o meusK t;ek /ia jQy' fuz Nhdkl wmrdOh lsrSu iZoyd ks,ulaldrhka
f.a meusKSu;a ks,ajka j;ska hgslh wvla jid r;au,a jvuz me<eZo f.k wjq,a
jQ ysifla u;2fhys r;au,a jvuz neZo flfi,a m;a muK mq,q,a ;shqKq lvq w;e;sj
iqrdu;ska fk;a r;2 lr f.k nshlre nj m< flfruska udr ÃÉ;hka fia mfilska
isgs jOlhka f.a iQodku;a fya;2 fldg f.k uyckhd le<US .shy'
Tjqyq oeka oeka jOhg kshus; jQ wysxil orejka yd l2, ldka;djka f.k t;shs lr Tijuska n, n,d yZv yZvd Ùwfyda" ta wysxil orefjda l2ula kuz oks;aoeÙhs lshuska fojshka hosuska isgshy' fuz w;r YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rc;2ud o m;a;srsmamqj u; mkjk ,o wiqfkys ysZo .;af;a uyckhd jsiska olakd ,oS'
kshus; fjz,djg isrlrejka f.k taug msrsila .shy' Tjqka ÃÈgq flfKys u weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus Ùoeka urKh fyda usoSu fyda folska meusfKkakla leue;af;ka u ndr .ksusÙ hk woyi we;s ler .;a;S
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
5=-
mq;2kg o osrs fouska
isgshd' Tz nkaOkd.dr ks,OdrSka jsiska bosrsm;a lrkakg fhÃÈKq jOl ia:dkhg
meusKjSfuz kshuh ÃÈgqjd h' ish is; ;j;a ;r fldg .;a l2udrsydus ;uka fj;
wd ta udrdka;sl wd{dj orejka fj; o meusK we;s nj fkd okakS rc;2uka Tyq
i;2 n,h fhdod ;uka jkikakg wK lsrSu ms<snZo j rcqg is;ska iem lrkakg
jQjd h'
gsl fjz,djla .; jsKs' jo fnr yZv ÃÈrska wefikakg jsKs' ta yZv foi fkdbjeis,af,ka uyckhd n,d isgsoaoS .eyeKq uqr ldrshka lsysmfokl2ka f.a wkqluzmd jsrys; /ljrK hgf;a isrlrejka jOlia:dkhg muqKqjkq fmksKs' lsisjla fkdokakd ujq;2ref,a isg lsrs Wrd fndk weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus f.a l2vd oshKsh" i yejsrsos oshKsh" kj yejsrsos uoaÃÈu nKavdr" tfldf<dia yejsrsos f,dl2 nKavdr hk orejkq;a weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus;a mqiaje,af,a l2udrsydus yd wef.a oshKsh;a hk fuz wirKfhda h" fuz oZvqjuz ,nkafkda'
rcq f.a kshuh mrsos ta wjia:dfhys ks,ulaldr weZÃÈuska ieriqKq tfy;a uqyqKska yd yeisrSfuka o wm1ikak ;eke;af;la msrsi w;rska ke.S isg rdcdZ{d m;1h lshjkakg jsh' isrndrfha isgsk ish,q msrsuska f., isZo urkakg;a is;S1ka fnda.uznr jefjz .s,ajd urd oukakg;a ta rc wKska kshu j ;snsKs' .; jQfha ksfuzIhls' nsh ckl fmkqfuka hq;2 jOlfhla lvqj lrljuska wjq;a uqjy; msrslaiuska Tjqka bosrsfhys isg .;af;a h'
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
53=
fuz orAYkfhka l2udrsydus
f.a is; o nsfhka we<,S fkd.shd fkd fjz' tflfKys u tf;la fjz,d nsu n,d
f.k isgs weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus ysi Tijd yd;ami n,d yrs yegs fkd
fmfk;;a m;a;srsmamqfjys isgskd rcq foi n,d ns<sZod <hg tla wf;lska
;2reZM lr f.k wfkla w; os.2 fldg iqÃÈue,s j;ska hq;2 j fufia lSjd h_
Ùwfyda fojshks" wfma ksjro nj Tn okakd fial' wm f.a rcqg we;s jqKq f,a msmdih fuz iqr;,a orejka f.a f., rsysrsfhka ixisfZoa jdØÙ
Ùud f.a m1dKh yd iudk ms1h ysushks" Ydka;skdhl nqÃÈrcdKka jykafia f.a Ydka; iamrAYh ,enQ YS1 o<od jykafia bosrsmsg oS i;r uyd foajd,hhka ueo fuz id is;al,q mQckSh fnda fijfKl Tn f.a m1;suQrA;s jQ Tn f.a orefjda o Tng mK fuka wd,h l< Tn f.a fmuznr nsrsh o Tn Wfoid Wodr;r wd;au mQcdjla flfr;s' fuhska Tng hym;la u ie,fia jd' Tn f.a Wodr;r yeZ.Su bgq fjz jdÙhs mjid uEKshka foi .,a n,d isgsk ish fmuznr orejka wu;d lshkakS+
Ùfmuznr orefjks" nh fkd fj,a,d" ljod kuq;a wm uerS hd hq;2 h' t fyhska kqU,d f.a mshdKka fjkqfjka uefrkakg ,enqKq fuz fjz,dfjz ksrANh j kshu jSr orejka fuka kqU,d f.a u,a jeks cSjs; i;2gska mQcd lrm,a,dÙhs lshd jevsuy,a mq;a f,dl2 nKavdr foi lZÃÈZM msrs fofk;ska hq;a j jqj o tvs;r
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
533
,S,dfjka ne,qjd h'
jOlhd o ish lghq;af;ys mud jkq fkdleue;af;a f,dl2 nKavdr foi ne,S h'
t flfKys u ta <mgshd urK nsfhka nsh jQfha miaig mek uEKshka f.a msgqmig jS fjjq,kakg jsh' wjg isgsfha ÙwhsfhdaÙ lshuska js,dm fokakg jQy' oE;ska weia ;o lr jid .kakg jQy' whshd f.a fuz ls1hdj ÃÈgq kj yejsrsos jqj;a yeuod u jSrluz .ek l:d l< uoaÃÈu nKavdr bosrshg wdfha h'
wk;2re j jOlhd bosrsmsg oS ÙwhshKavsfhks" nsh jkakg tmd' uefrk iegs uu fmkajusÙ hkqfhka ish jevsuy,a fidajqrdg mjid jOlhdg Ùtuzn, jOlh" tl myrska u lmjÙhs lshd f., md keUqre j isgsfha h'
wfydaØ jOlhd f.a wkqluzmd jsrys; ;shqKq lvqm; jSr uoaÃÈu nKavdrhka f.a f., lZoska fjka flf<a h' tflfKys yZvk je,fmk ckhd f.a fYdaldl@, yZvska wjg we<e,S .sfha h' wk;2re j uEKshka f.a wefZ.ys t,a,S isgs f,dl2 nKavdr nf,ka u weo .;a jOlhd lsis wkqluzmdjla fkdue;s j f., isZo oeuqfha h'
usksiqka wuq wuqfjz urd oeuQ jOlhd jqj;a wmf.a jSr uoaÃÈu nKavdr f.a jokska jslaIsma; j .shdla fuka jsh' tfyhska ih yejsrsos oersh o fya nf,ka u f.k f., isZo oud kS;shg mgyeks fohla flf<a" wk;2re j
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
534
weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus
f.a <fhys je;srS lsrs Wruska isgs ns<sZod f.k f., isZo oeuzfuz h'
tjsg Wruska isgs lsrs f,a yd uqiq jS .sfha h'
fuz ;dla isÃÈjqKq fuz wmrdOhka ms<snZo nshl2re orAYkfhka wOsl jQ fYdalhg meusK isgs msrsi fuz wjidk orAYkfhka" f,a legs ns<sZod f.a f., isZoSfuka we;s jQ fjzokdj bjish fkdyS h<s;a uy yZvska yZvkakg;a js,dm ;shkakg;a mgka .;2' tf;la fjz,d ish,a, n,d isgs m,smdk osidm;s;2ud mjd fuz orAYkfhka" ns<sZod f.a f.f,ka kef.k lsrs oelSfuka we;s jQ fYdalh bjid .; fkdyS uqim;a j weo jegsKs'
wk;2re j uoaÃÈu nKavdrhka f.a keZ.Ksh f.a f., jxf.vshl oeuQ jOlhd rc wKska th fldgjkakg weyef<fmd< l2udrsydusg kshu flf<a h' rc wK jqj;a ;u l2iska Wmka orejdg t jekakla l< fkd yels fyhska ksyZv j isgsk l2udrsydus ÃÈgq rcq ÙlS foa fkd lf<d;a ;S frdvshl2g mdjd fokjdhÙhs fudr .E h' l2,dNsudkh ksid fuda,a .i w;g .;a;S" jxf.vshg fuda,a.i my;a lrk jsg u isysiqka j weo jegqKd h'
wk;2re j ldka;djkg osh hq;2 oZvqju iZoyd fnda.uznr jefjz jOlia:dkhg weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus;a mqiaie,af,a l2udrsydus yd oshKsh;a f.k hk ,oy' fufjzf,ys weyef<afmd< l2udrsydus is; oevs ler .;a;S" Ùjyd uefrkq iZoyd ud f., .,la
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
535
nZÃÈjÙhs lshd f.f,ys
.,la nZojd f.k wfkll2 f.a fufyhqfuka f;dr j oshg mekakd h' wfkla ldka;dfjda
fofokd o tf,iska u oshg m;s; jQy'
YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rcq fuz l< ls1hdfjka fYdalS jQ ujqjre mshjre fYdalfhka Nrs; jQfjda uqZM k.rh u tl u u< .ula fia ie,l@y' ojia folla uqZM,af,a ish,q fok u fYdalh m1ldY flfruska ksrdydr j isgshy' wdydr msisk ,oafoa l2vd orejka urd weyef<afmd<f.ka m,s.;a YS1 jsl1u rdcisxy rcq f.a ud<s.fhys muKs'
jOlhd lvqj wfudard f.k bosrsfhys isgsoaoS rg oeh fjkqfjka wNS; j" ksrANh j ;ud uefrk iegs ohdnr whshdg mjid jOlhdg ;u f., tl myrska isZosk f,i wK l< tl u orejd ÙuoaÃÈu nKavdrÙ muKs' tfyhska fya isxy,hkg isxy, orejkg ÃÈkafka fydZo u wdorAYhls" mdvuls' tfyhska fuz jSr mq;2 f.a ls1hdoduh yeug u iod u;lfhys ;sfnk uyZ.2 wdorAYhla u fjzjdØ
$$S$$$$L$$ $$P$$$$a$$$$g$$$$e$$
536
fhd iyiaix iyiafik
ix.dfu udkqfi csfk
talx p fchH w;a;dkx
i fp ix.ducq;a;fud
hul2 hqofhl oS usksiqka ,laIhla oskqj;a ;ud f.a tl u is; oskd .ekSu thg jvd Wiia h' fyf;fuz fiiq oskquz lrejkag jvd Wiia h'